What Is Obama Care Essay Example for Free

What Is Obama Care Essay Obama Care (also known as Health Care reform) is a national health care plan aimed at reforming the American health care system. Obama Cares main focus is on providing more Americans with access to affordable health care, regulating the health insurance industry and reducing spending in health care. There are around 44 million Americans who currently are unable to get health insurance. One of the major things Obama Care does is help these individuals to get health insurance through expanding Medicaid and Medicare and offering assistance to Americans who cannot currently afford healthcare. Obama Care helps to ensure that health care coverage is available to any legal U. S. resident who cannot otherwise obtain quality healthcare through their employer. Your access to health care is no longer in the hands of health insurance companies. The first phase of Obamas health care reform began in 2009 with the Affordable Health Care for America Act and was followed by The Patient Protection Act. Which culminated into the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010, or for short â€Å"Affordable Care Act†? After going through several changes the Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Since Obama Care was upheld in the Supreme Court and Barack Obama was sworn into office for a second term Obama Care health care reform is now the law of the land (abet with some major changes made in the Supreme Court ruling). Many reforms have already gone into effect and many more will roll out over the next decade. Obamas healthcare reform is focused on health care funding, reducing the cost of healthcare for Americans, increasing coverage and removing the burden that health care has become on the average American. In the years since its become a law the Affordable Health Care Act, has already made a big difference in our country. Obama Care has done some important thins already such as prohibiting insurance companies from dropping your coverage if you get sick and has been chipping away at discrimination against anyone with a pre-existing condition. No system is perfect, but Obama Care Health Care Reform aims to reform the American medical system towards the favor of the people and away from the monopoly of the medical industry. Obama Care aims to provide complete and comprehensive medical coverage for Americans. Obamas health care reform under the Affordable Care Act is the most significant overhaul to health care industry in decades, covering every aspect of healthcare including mental health, care for seniors, child health, womans health and our nations poorest. Obama Care also provides drug coverage and free preventive care and checkups for children and countless other unprecedented reforms to the American health care system.

How effective questioning contributes to learning

How effective questioning contributes to learning For the purpose of this essay I will look at effective questioning and how the use of effective questioning contributes to the learning process of pupils in a school or classroom setting. The essay will look at the varying Theorists that talk about questioning and how they believe that questioning was a positive part of the schooling day and delve into different methods of questioning and how best the answers support the learning of how to question. I will look in particular how effective questioning is useful in two subjects thought on the curriculum which are English Literature and Information and Communication Technology or ICT as it is known. To concentrate on these two subjects and to show how important I have found effective questioning I will look at how effective listening and speaking also contributes to effective questioning. The essay will look at different National Strategies and Frameworks and literature available that exist to support the guidelines and theories that ex ist to support effective questioning and evidence I have gathered during my experiences working with children in the class room to portray the practical evidence of this. Main The Primary National Strategy (2006) emphasises the need for the development and promotion of creativity across the curriculum. Speaking and Listening are to be developed in innovative and exiting ways through discussion and questioning. Children need to listen to their teacher and their peers and have the confidence to express their own thoughts, Sharing responses to Literature is one of the most meaningful ways in which good listening and good talking can be achieved.(Nicholson, C as site in Goodwin, 2005). This assignment will take a look into how effective questioning can contribute to pupils learning and will be backed up by examples that I have seen in my practice. Theorists have different beliefs as to how children learn. In my opinion, a mixture of their strategies is needed in schools and across the curriculum to achieve the best results possible. We learn that Bruner is more associated with questioning, problem and discussion in contrast to Vygotsky believed that adult talk plays a central role in developing a childs understanding. He saw all speech as primary social in function, the intellect being developed within social interaction (Goodwin, 2001). He believed in combining language with thought but more emphasis being placed on effective adult language and that through pupil talk, children would develop their reading and writing skills. Ofsted (2005), reported that when children talked through ideas firstly, they were there after better writers. Bruner introduced cognitive scaffolding, which aimed at extending pupil understanding through support of a social system. He highlighted the importance of language and communication with others- peers and others (Loveless, 2003). He didnt believe in giving pupils material in this final form. On placement I would introduce a problem to the children and support them with appropriate questioning. This in turn led to discussion and the utilisation of higher order thinking skills in scaffolding conversations learners can try out ideas make mistakes and adapt their thinking by listening to others as they work towards understanding (Goodwin, 2001). I consider a lot of classes as being too rigid and they are trying to adhere to a strict plan to reach goals and cover material. For example in literacy The National Curriculum and the Literacy Strategy (although this is not statutory) have a wide range of topics to be covered leaving I found teachers under pressure for time. I feel that time needs to be allocated for spontaneity where the teacher focuses and directs children through effective modelling questioning and discussion with educational goals in mind. The Ofstead English Report (2005) found that even though there is more discussion in primary schools at the moment unfortunately it is dominated by the teacher giving the pupils only limited opportunities to express their thoughts and listen to their peers. The report also found reading and writing getting more attention in schools. Excellent and Enjoyment (2003) described teaching in England as being too prescriptive which was impacting negatively on creativity. Another example of how effective questioning contributes to students learning in through the use of information and communication technology or ICT. The National Grid for learning was set up by the DfEE in 1997 to equip schools with computers and this in turn enabled both students and teachers to access materials that became available. This also enabled children to talk to others in the world and to interact globally. Schools therefore now have more resources, computers and packages to enhance ICT usage, some even have laptops. Before my six week placement, I had little knowledge of how to use the IWB as a teaching tool but, my class teacher taught me how to use it with confidence. I found it a useful resource for holding the childrens interest and attention. It enabled supporting use of exciting pictures to brighten up tasks. For example, in Literacy, we were doing a story from the Jungle Book called Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, I was able to search for and insert pictures of the characters fr om Google images to suit the theme. The children really enjoyed this as it brought the characters to life. Stories are important for a number of reasons. They link places to interesting themes, they aid spelling and they can increase knowledge about certain topics or facts. Stories are the fundamental way of organising human experience and understanding the world (Fisher, R., Williams, M. 2006). They can be linked to many different tasks, apart from reading to enhance literacy skills. The book I am basing my lessons on with regard to this assignment, is called Rose Blanche. The illustrations within it present a World War Two setting which gives a truly special historical insight into the suffering and pain endured by the characters as seen through the eyes of a child. Analysis of this picture book will evoke an emotional response to the Second World War through the implementation of effective questioning and discussion in the classroom. Such strategies are central in the new the Primary National Strategy (2006). As a teacher, it will be my role to ensure that the children apply creative/h igher order thinking to their reading through learning how to read between the lines, using inference, deduction and prediction and learning how to recreate and respond to the text. Effective questioning with regard to setting, character, plot, themes dialogue and point of view will extend childrens thinking about a story (Fisher, R., Williams, M. 2006). A mixture of both open ended and closed questions are necessary components of reflective reading where children will skim, scan and read in more detail to find answers. An essential aspect of questioning is allowing children enough time to think before pursuing a response. Towards the end of my placement, the children had an idea of the type of response I required by the length of thinking time I would give them. They knew that more thinking time required more than one word answers. It is crucial also that teachers pitch questions at appropriate levels to challenge the more able without loosing the interest of the less able through lack of understanding. EAL students and those with special educational needs may benefit from visual cues where possible. This is where Literacy through ICT becomes highly beneficial and effective. Interactive white boards are powerful tools for displaying images and texts which can be clearly seen by the whole class. Speaking and listening in the National Curriculum has a strong social focus. Children will learn to take turns, deal with opposing views politely, talk effectively, take different roles and help the group to move forward (DfEE, 1999). These aspects need to be enforced within each subject in order to achieve success where all voices are heard and spoken. Children need to become interactive listeners where they listen to other members of the group but also have the confidence to articulate ideas without fear of embarrassment or ridicule. This is also the view point of Jones, R., Wyse, D., 2004 who believe that in building pupils literacy skills, teachers should reward curiosity and exploration, build internal motivation, encourage risk taking, have high expectations of all pupils, give opportunities for choice and discovery and develop students self-management skills. Children need to know when it is ok for them to speak and when they should listen. For this reason, I always made the rules clear at the beginning of each class. The children then knew how they should request to voice their opinion i.e. put their hand up. An articulate classroom is a community of learners and teachers who share an understanding about the roles of talk in their learning(Goodwin, 2001). Speaking and listening can be enhanced through ICT with the use of tape recorders, digital cameras, recording to computers and much more. Some teachers prefer however, not to use classroom discussion because of fear of losing control through increased noise levels. Another issue with discussion is finding the time to allow learners to ask and seek their own answers. I personally found this difficult to resolve. I strongly believe that group work in Literacy is extremely beneficial to pupils. It certainly suits the shyer pupil who might not have the confidence to express an opinion within whole class interaction. It enables the perfect opportunity for teachers to develop scaffolding on a smaller scale which relates to Bruners theory. On my placement, guided reading was carried out every day after lunch which meant each group had one session each week. The National Literacy Strategy promotes this process where by one group works with the teacher and the other groups work independently (DfEE, 1998). The pupils were split into groups of similar ability which meant the less able children had more support at their level and the more able had more scope. Ofsted (2005) found guided group work to be a positive development in the classroom in terms of speaking and listening. Conclusion The new science of learning and thinning tells us that everybody has the capacity to become a better learner, and that there are conditions under which learning power develops (Pollard 2002). If children are having difficulty in understanding what you are teaching them, then you must reflect and ask yourself why? You as a teacher must reflect on lessons and ask yourself have I asked effective questions in my lesson? Questions can be used for a wide range of purposes and they can be seen as a vital tool for teaching and learning. It is a powerful way of scaffolding childrens understanding and raising their performance. The way in which teachers can use questions to improve the quality of childrens thinking and the extent of their participation (Pollard 2006). As stated above and trough out this essay I have looked at how questioning, effective questioning in particular contributes to a Childs learning through effective listening, speaking in particular through ICT and English. I have learnt in practice that these methods keep a child engaged, motivated and egger to learn. This not only applies to English and ICT but in all subjects on the National Curriculum. Reference List Adams, A., Brindley, S. (2002) Teaching Primary Literacy with ICT. Buckingham, Open University Press. Bennett, R. (2006) Learning ICT with English. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Goodwin, P. (1999, 2005) 2nd edn. The Literate Classroom. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers Ltd. DfES (2006) Primary National Strategy; Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics. London, DfES. Fisher, R., Williams, M. (2006) Unlocking Literacy. 2nd edn. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Jones, R., Wyse, D. (2004) Creativity in the Primary Curriculum. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers Ltd. Loveless, A. (2003) The Role of ICT. London, Continuum. Ofsted (2000, 2005) The Annual Report of Her Majestys Chief Inspector of Schools. HMSO, London. Rudd, A., Tyldesley, A. (2006) Literacy and ICT in the Primary School. Great Britain, David Fulton Publishers. Journal McFarlane, A. (2001) Perspectives on the relationships between ICT and assessment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 17 (227-234). Website www.kingston.ac.uk/booksalive/ www.ofsted.gov.uk

Direct and Indirect Impacts on Health

Direct and Indirect Impacts on Health Daisy Paco The task You are required to prepare a written report based on the information gained from Identify, assess and discuss both direct and indirect impacts on health the following determinants have with regards to planning, implementation, and the evaluation of health interventions. Determinant factors Demographic distribution of populations According to Statistics New Zealand this year New Zealand has an estimated population of over 4.5 million which based on the record from 2006 census 4, 027, 947 it was increased. During 2010 New Zealander’s fertility rate or births per woman is 2.1 and median child birthing age was 30 while in Maori populations fertility rate is 2.8 and median age is 26. Also in 2010 the infant mortality rate was 5.1 per 1000 live births for the total population and the age-standardized mortality rate (technique used to allow populations to be compared when the age profiles of the populations are quite different)[1] was 3.8 per 1000 which evidently reduced from 4.8 in the year 2000 which only means that there is health improvement among their citizens. For the life expectancy of female child born in New Zealand in 2008 was 82.4 years, and for males was 78.8 years. As well as forecast shows that there will be an increase life expectancy at birth from 80-85 years by year 2050, thus corresponds t o expectation for decline infant mortality. Since the ageing population of New Zealand is predominantly growing the demand for health and disability services is increasing too. It is generally recognised that increased life expectancy, due partly to the success of health interventions, has resulted in many countries facing a growing challenge of chronic illnesses and disabilities and an increasing demand for both acute and long-term health services (Goulding et al 2003). In fact the population by 2050 is predicted to extent to 5.3million, 36years to 43years increase median age and an increase of 60 older people from 18% to 29%. Therefore at the very basic level the growing statistics of old age people will definitely surge demand for both informal and formal services of health in the future. Political values Political values are set of roles and behaviours that are being shaped from within the political world. People usually acquire their political values through political socialization. Where in it can be from their family members, social media, friends, in school, book and person’s unique experiences. This factor is very essential in such way that a person’s awareness will boost them to pay particular attention in their health. For instances the people around you can be effectively influential with regards to health by merely having the values taken from social adherence like for example from school or books thought to be â€Å"prevention is better than cure†, a family with such food preferences, choosing a healthy lifestyle that probably passed to their next kin, and advertisement from medias which people may learn from it. Religious beliefs In New Zealand the predominant religion is Christianity with over half the population based on New Zealand Census 2006. At about 55.6% identified themselves as Christians, while 34.7% had no religion and 4% with other religion affiliation. With the arrival of missionaries indigenous Maori population convert themselves to Christianity from being in animistic traditional religion. Denominations of main Christians include Roman Catholics, Methodism, Presbyterianism and Anglicanism. Others are Pentecostal, Baptist and Latter-day-Saint. Religious belief is a distinct way or strong belief on divine intervention, existence or control with destiny, supernatural power and worship of a deity or deities. People with strong religious belief may cope with stress better and may avoid such bad alternatives to lessen stress like alcohol, smoking and drugs. Another is going to worship keeps people physically active thus decreases the risk in acquiring certain diseases and disability. Moreover, there are also negative impacts of religious belief on health such as psychological well-being and self-esteem maybe affected, causes negative emotions like fear and stress that contributes to have negative physiological effects, individual might engage to vices like smoking, drug use and drinking alcohol and lastly might stereotype in the group. Human values Human values for me are the person’s own notion or concept of how things are given importance. It is all about the decision made by individual for the pursuit of doing what is right or what is expected of them. Health can be influence depending on individual preferences. For example, you can be as healthy as you wanted to and as you choose to be. A person with strong value to health knows how to become one by having healthy lifestyle, proper management of disease, physical activities and avoiding such vices. Hence, some people are just careless of their health because it doesn’t really matter to them as long as they enjoy what they do without thinking of possible future result like smoking causes lung cancer, drug used leads to withdrawal, depression, mental illness and drinking alcohol for liver damage. Ethnicity Ethnicity is described as distinctive cultural and social practice preserved within the group between generations, a sense of identification with the group and often a common genetic heritage, and a common history and origin (Last 1995). New Zealand ethnicity make-up is diverse increasingly. It includes European origin which is still the leading single group, Pacific Islander, Maori, Asian and others. Ethnicity can have significant impact on health and on uptake of health services. Thus understanding and knowledge on ethnic backgrounds of a population can help improve the healthcare of such population. In addition, it is being addressed here in New Zealand the disparities of health due to ethnic orientation. And it is said that there’s still a difference between access of health services between Maori and non-Maori’s despite the presence of Treaty of Waitangi which gives them right and privileges on health services. As well as there’s a limited access to health m erely by ethnic discrimination. Traditions Traditions is a way of behaving, doing something and thinking that is being passed down from great generation to generation within a certain group or society either through word of mouth or practice. Traditions disparities influences attitude of patients towards medical care and their ability to manage, understand, and deal with the progress of an illness, the consequences of medical treatment, and the meaning of a diagnosis. Patients and their families bring values and tradition related to reporting of symptoms, notions of health and illness, expectations for how health care will be delivered, and beliefs concerning medication and treatments. Furthermore, traditions impact patient expectations and roles, managing death and dying patient, how much information about treatment and illness are desired, family and gender roles, bereavement patterns, and decision making processes. Therefore, it is important that when giving care to patient we pay due respect with cultural and traditional differences and must remain non-judgemental when given data or information that is different from us. References: Wikipedia. (2014, August 25). Demographics of New Zealand Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. RetrievedSeptember29, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand [1] Wikipedia. (2014, September 4). Age Adjustment. RetrievedSeptember29, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_adjustment Direct and Indirect Impacts on Health Direct and Indirect Impacts on Health 1. Identify, assess and discuss both direct and indirect impacts on health the following determinants have with regards to planning, implementation, and the evaluation of health intervention. Demographic distribution of population. The actual demographic distribution influences medical immediately and also in a roundabout way. In Completely New Zealand main the main population will be coping with Auckland. One of the most associated with migrants along with consumers are coping with this Auckland place. Thus, the requirement associated with well being ability will be additional throughout Auckland when compared with other areas associated with completely New Zealand. Folks need to have additional well being ability within the city place. In most nations around the world population is quite loaded with several places. Thus, it truly is hard to present player well being ability to help everybody. Moreover, several regions usually are not appropriate clear with the bad services. The idea measure likewise influences medical criteria. Several distant regions are very a long way away in the principal centre exactly where most of us are unable to accomplish generally there in time to offer the most beneficial health s ervices within the crisis. Inside Indian there is additional population associated with small get older. Whilst in Completely New Zealand you will find around 50, 000 people associated with old age while using difficulty with the dementia. Per just one study will probably be around 120000 after 07 a long time. Thus, will probably be a tremendous difficulty to the nation to handle the idea. b. Political values. Democratization can be a necessary to assure your thanks associated with human privileges, cultural money and also importance. As we key in the 3rd thousands of a long time your strategy associated with democratization is dispersing in order to a lot more countries. Your advancement, possibly be in which as it might, is moderately modest. Move forward throughout wellness morals to accomplish importance and also affection human nobility should not to last. Efforts to try and do importance throughout human companies tend to be invited perhaps by the nearly all reputable administrations. Market leaders assume the unequivocal aspect throughout getting ethical expectations throughout wellness recognition in which assure importance, money and also affection if you are. Politics beliefs dosage impact medical in a variety of technique. Politics get together has to make a decision your health-related spending budget. Moreover, government make a decision which often medicine might be distribut ed and also which often can not be distributed in the United States. Your politics get together also makes a decision the cost of your medicine and also drugs totally free medicine. For example, throughout Brand new Zealand individuals get cost-free drugs soon after many medications. The Costa Rica government also makes a decision in regards to the medical centre. Variety of hospitals and also area of the medical centre may be determined by the politics get together. Politics beliefs also effects about the amount of your health-related and also sanitary workers within your professional medical product. Certification in the workers also makes a decision by the government for your hospitals and also professional medical units. Govt sets a lot of the standards also for your looking forward to a scheduled appointment. Politics beliefs dosage also effects about the cost of remedy. Such as throughout The Indian subcontinent remedy associated with significant ailments similar to cancer, AS SISTS is free of cost throughout government hospitals. Therefore, politics beliefs have impacted the population wellness Religious beliefs. Religion will be the baseline with regard to take care of the wellbeing. Just like numerous religion have got their own values with regard to preserve wellbeing. As per Hinduism men and women prefer to take vegetable treatment as an alternative to look at the physician. Ayurveda will be the book from which Hindu receive tricks to treat the illness. Hindu men and women consider they have medical problems because of their bad points (Karma) they will perform. To the Muslim strict there are also unique values for your health issue. Muslim men and women prefer to eat residence food during their hospitalization. To the conventional treatment they will favour to visit to Hakim instead of physicians. Individuals involving Cameras will be more aware about replica. Consequently, they will compel the particular illnesses including HELPS by having the particular hazardous making love. The vast majority of orthodox men and women make use of to do hope with regard to restoration instead of treatm ent. The objective of Buddhist train would be to produce the brain to help its best possible which include the particular flawlessness involving sympathy as well as information. Otherworldly wealth includes building a merciful persona as well as dealing with the particular torment involving health issues as well as ruin inside a maximally ideal method. Buddhist community centre, as well as place professionals are usually offered to help you the particular traders who are curious by means of these types of practices. Human values Morals usually are grounded about socio-social, philosophical or maybe spiritual emotions connected with exactly what are good or maybe underhandedness. Morals is considered because the exercise to find affordable reason intended for spotting what is right or maybe inappropriate inside people routines as well as life-style. With this love, morals is surely an file format among wellbeing layout as well as traits, exactly where traits usually are perceived as helps as well as defences folks employ intended for picking targets, requires as well as actions. Morals look at the honest legitimacy on the conclusion. Price consists of each methodology as well as conclusion. A great functional methodology should be to appraise the influence connected with specific wellbeing selections about worth also to promise that selections taken complete increase worth. The actual progression as well as assurance connected with people legal rights as well as connected with therapeutic products and service s have been in a simple impression interfaced. The correct on the solitary individual to get correct data encouraged sanctioning the mandatory data scars about cigarettes leading to a confident health insurance and economic swing. Theres been any acquiring predisposition recently to reduce the difficulty connected with cultural insurance policy about personal people legal rights. Ethnicity. Ethnicity is a principal thing to consider influencing the fitness of individuals as well as teams. Ethnicity (or ethnic gathering) express a lot of national contrasts the way of which cultural parties tend to be represented, as well as there may be shut basic ostentation of which ethnicity is a socially developed character, rather than any hereditarily made a decision as well as persisting conviction which in turn decides carry out along with the features of the person, that being said, enrolment of your cultural accumulating is likely to infer particular distinct wellbeing problems as well as wants. Heres an example, the particular anticoagulation drug carbamazepine don and doff once again leads to considerable and in some cases dangerous treatment tendencies inside individuals connected with Asian kitchenware plunge. Certainly, most of these treatment tendencies may well presently happen inside traders who are not necessarily Asian kitchenware, and so they may not happen in all in dividuals connected with Asian kitchenware drop. However realizing has any kind of impact inside the way ones consultant solutions alternatives. Traditions. Most traditions have got frameworks of health and fitness convictions to describe what exactly condition is, just how maybe its treated or maybe taken care of, and also who ought to be integrated the entire time. Their education to that people see tranquil teaching seeing that possessing sociable value for them may have a significant impact on their own collecting to information provided and also their own power to put it to use. Traditional western industrialized sociable requests, for instance, America, that see infection as a possible after effect of trait rational phenomena, suggest regenerative drugs of which challenge micro organisms or maybe utilize complicated engineering to detect and also treat sickness. Diverse sociable requests recognize of which condition is the after effect of otherworldly phenomena and also thrust ask to The almighty or maybe various other serious intercessions of which counter this presumed shame of powerful causes. Traditional troubles assume a true aspect in affected individual consistence. 1 study shown that a collecting of Cambodian grown-ups along with minor elegant instruction pursued important deliberations to visit remedy nevertheless performed so you might say foreseen using fundamental idea of just how alternatives along with the body operate. Quite a few African-Americans share within a culture of which fixates within the essentialness of loved ones and also cathedral. You can find extended link provides along with grandmother and grandfather, aunties, uncles, cousins, or maybe those people who are not really naturally similar nevertheless who assume a crucial aspect inside the loved ones structure. Typically, a vital comparable will be counselled with regard to critical medical choices. The particular members are a paramount aid supporting system for many African-Americans. References Retrieved from http://www.humiliationstudies.org/documents/GabrHealthEthics.pdf Retrieved from http://www.ucema.edu.ar/u/je49/capital_humano/Murphy_Topel_JPE.pdf Retrieved from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/cornwallanddavey.pdf

NORTH KOREA :: essays research papers

In a discussion with the United States and China in Beijing on April 24, 2003, North Korean officials admitted for the first time that they possessed nuclear weapons. North Korean officials claim to have reprocessed and reproduced spent fuel rods and have threatened to begin exporting nuclear materials, unless the United States agrees to one-on-one talks with North Korea. Tension between the United States and North Korea have been running pretty stiff and high since early October of 2002. Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly informed North Korean officials that the United States was aware that North Korea had a program that was allowing them to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. Initially North Korea denied this, but later confirmed the veracity of the US claim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In confirming that they had an active nuclear weapons program, they also declared the Agreed Framework agreement. The Agreed Framework signed by the United States and North Korea on October 21, 1994 in Geneva agreed that: 1.) North Korea would freeze its existing nuclear program and agree to enhanced International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. 2.) Both sides would cooperate to replace the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) graphite-moderated reactors for related facilities with light-water (LWR) power plants. 3.) Both countries would move toward full normalization of political and economic relations. 4.) Both sides will work together for peace and security on a nuclear-free Korean peninsula. 5.) Both sides would work to strengthen the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beginning in the 1960s, the Soviet Union supplied various types of missiles, nuclear power technology, and training to North Korea. China began supplying North Korea with missile technology in the 1970s. The North Korean nuclear weapons program was officially up and running with full force in the 1980s.

A Five Year Development Plan for Russia Essay -- Politics Government S

A Five Year Development Plan for Russia This paper presents a five year national development plan for the Russian Federation. The plan I have created is a culmination of a semester's worth of research on the current state of affairs in Russia. Following a brief review of relevent history, recommendations spanning the course of the next five years will be made in three areas that are of particular concern: economic development, political reform, and the environment. Relevent history and a synopsis of the current situation will preceed the recommendations in each section. Historical Background The pressure to be an industrial and technological powerhouse has left Russia with a skewed development situation. During the Soviet era, money and resources were funneled into the military, research, technology, and the space program. At the same time, basic necessities of the population were essentially ignored. Such high-tech government expenditures were exacted at a great social cost, as the bulk of Russia has remained largely underdeveloped. Russia's modern-day development requires that it focus on domestic issues, and catch up with itself in terms of its advanced industry. The Soviet Union ceased to exist as a political entity in the final days of 1991. From that point on, the Russian Federation was faced with and committed to the daunting task of getting its economy and its politics back on track. With the downfall of communism and the Soviet state came the downfall of both the ruble and the Russian economy as a whole. At its worst in 1992, Russia suffered 2000% inflation. As of 1996, the rate was less than 22% and it has fallen into the single digits in the present day, but the legacy of the monetary crisis has deeply ... ... References Aslund, Anders. How Russia Became a Market Economy. The Brookings Institution, 1995. Boycko, Maxim; Schleifer, Andrei; and Vishny, Robert. Privatizing Russia. The MIT Press, 1995. Filipov, David. The Boston Globe. "As Crises Ebb, It's Time to Get Down to Business; Outlook '97 Russia". January 5, 1997. Frydman, Roman; Rapaczynski, Andrzej; and Earle, John. The Privatization Process in Russia, Ukraine and the Baltic States. Central European University Press, 1993. Goldman, Marshall. Lost Opportunity: Why Reforms in Russia Have Not Worked. W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. Nelson, Lynn; and Kuzes, Irina. Property to the People: The Struggle for Radical Economic Reform in Russia. M.E. Sharp Inc, 1994. Nelson, Lynn; and Kuzes, Irina. Radical Reform in Yeltsin's Russia: Political, Economic, and Social Dimensions. M.E. Sharp Inc, 1995.

Advanced Medical Technology Solution Essay

Would you, as Mr. Winter, recommend a loan to AMT? If so, on what basis? As Mr. Winter, I would recommend a loan to Advanced Medical Technology Corporation (AMT). There are several reasons why I would recommend a loan to AMT. The biggest factor is this company is still in the growth / infancy stage of its life cycle. They have invested large amounts of capital into the research and development, and marketing of its products, and it is too soon to see the rewards from these investments. Some of the changes that need to be made in order for a loan to be approved for AMT include improving manufacturing efficencies, short-term loans, operations, and managing their accounts recieveables. The manufacturing operations of AMT can be streamlined which will enable AMT to see greater profits. Right now they are building in ten to twelve week lot sizes, and they are not always making the products they need. With the investment into a information system, they can streamline this process. This was installed in 1984, and they are making progress. I would recommend reshuffling some positions (i. e. , MRP, planning, master data) in order to obtain the full benefit of the information system. They can build larger lot sizes of some products which will cut down on the direct labor costs for the materials. Making only the products they know they have demand on will minimize the excess and obsolesnce amount they have to reserve for each quarter. AMT can also improve its accounts receivable days outstanding ratio by having more control over it’s A/R. Having someone do background checks on new customers instead of granting all new customers the same 30 days. Some customers with poor credit history should be given no credit, and must pay COD or before the products are shipped to minimize risk of default. Well-known customers or customers with great credit can be given more than 30 days. Also, collection of past-due accounts should be pursued more aggressively. Based on the criteria mentioned, and the financial statements, I would give AMT the full $8 million line of credit. The company has had great growth in its revenues. Although this company has not been profitable over the last three years, if it had to turn a profit, it could do so by eliminating research and development. Just by selling existing products, it would have had a net income of $3. 8 million in 1985 if it did not have the research and development expense. I am not advising the removal of R&D, I am just providing a worst case scenario for the company. Ending the R&D department would cause no new products, and new improvements to existing products in an ever changing evenronment. This company has the potential to become profitable in 1986, and pay down significant amounts to its debt by the end of 1987. And they need to pay down some debt in order to improve their working capital which was fine in 1983, but because of expenses (possibly related to the installation of the information system) in 1984 its working capital has soured.

Analysis Of Sonnets 64 And 73 Essay

William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights of all time. It is also important, however, to remember and to study his sonnets. The sonnets are separated into two groups, 1-126 and 127-54. All of them are love poems of some sort, whether addressed to a young man or the infamous â€Å"Dark Lady.† It is important to compare and analyze the sonnets, and to see the similarities between them. The purpose of this essay is to compare sonnets 64 and 73, and show that although it is easy to come to the conclusion that they are sorrowful in tone and negative in orientation, they are truly positive and life affirming. These two have been chosen because they are similar in this and other respects. Before discussing the similarities, however, it is necessary to briefly describe what each sonnet is about. Sonnet 64 is a cry against the inevitable arrival of all that wears down even the most firm powers that exist in the world. The speaker stresses that even the most sturdy monuments are bound to the ravages of time: â€Å"When I have seen by Time’s fell hand defaced/ The rich, proud cost of outworn buried age,/ When sometime lofty towers I see down-raz’d/ and brass eternal slave to mortal rage;† and so on. It is clear that the speaker finds time an enemy, capable of eroding any efforts to persevere. Time is also the enemy to the desire to be with a loved one forever. In this sonnet, the speaker finds himself at the mercy of his opponent, without any means of facing Time with any success. He almost abandons the love that he feels because he knows that it will eventually fall victim to time. There is no difference between the love that is felt by the speaker and the other durable things in the world, such as the â€Å"kingdom of the shore†, and the â€Å"firm soil.† But even these things will erode over time. The only option the speaker has is to mourn what he will one day lose. The seventy-third sonnet is also about the response of the speaker to the fact that Time detracts from the endurance of man and his response to the things that make him feel loved. Shakespeare starts with a discussion of the process by which the things that surround man first start to erode and fall as a result of the passing of time. The speaker is equating himself to  autumn and the twilight of day. He finds himself lying on the ashes of his youth, and a victim to the passage of time. He cannot sustain the love that he feels, and is consumed by both time and love, as they once sustained him. The speaker is arguing that the fate of man is to be consumed by the very things that are his life-blood: love and time. â€Å"In me thou seest the glowing of such fire/ That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,/ As the deathbed whereupon it must expire/ Consumed with that which it was nourished by. The similarities between these two poems are evident. Basically, they are both about the speaker’s sense of helplessness and loss in the face of the passage of time. The theme of loss, and the recurrent theme of impotence when faced with passing time and its effects, is evident in both poems. However, these are not necessarily sad or defeatist poems. The speaker does not submit to the passage of time by saying that he will not be able to feel or love or even live anymore. He is not depressed to the point of being unable to do anything. Rather, the speaker feels that man must continue to love, and to live, despite the fact that life will end, and love will eventually subside as time takes over the human spirit. Although â€Å"Time will come and take my love away,† the speaker is not saying that man must simply not love at all. He is saying that man must eventually give in to the effects of time, but that in the time that does exist for man, it is possible to love, and to sustain oneself with that love. These poems, which sound sad or even lacking in spirit, are actually affirmative of the desire toward love and life: â€Å"This thou perceivest, which makes my love more strong,/ to love that well, which thou must leave ere long.† Both of these sonnets can be interpreted as encouraging the reader to grasp the fact that love can be sweeter and more enduring if the individual realizes that time will eventually take that love away. It is even possible to claim that, because all love will end, man should state his love early, and live that love to the fullest extent possible. In this sense, each of these poems can be understood to be positive, and life affirming. At first reading, it is easy to come to the conclusion that the poems are  sorrowful in tone and negative. However, after closer analysis, it is obvious that the speaker is ultimately celebrating life, and urging the embrace of all aspects of it, whether they result in suffering or pleasure. The tone is sorrowful when the speaker comes face to face with the inevitable, but the fact remains that the inevitable outcome, which is loss, and the passage of time, is part of what makes the intensity of love, and the quality of life, so memorable and so pleasurable.